it only to get worldly advantage, he will not smell the fragrance
o f
This is a great admonition for the person who has an evil
intention. It is reported that the Messenger (sallallahu alaihi
wasallam) said: "Whoever acquires knowledge in order to
compete with the scholars or to dispute with the ignorant or to
attract the attention of people - then the Fire! the Fire!"
Knowledge is acquired by studying 16, then implementing it for
Allaah's pleasure because He has ordered it and made it a
means by which the truth is manifested.
The first of the people who will be thrown into the Fire will be
from amongst those who acquired knowledge and recited the
Qur'aan for others besides Allaah, hoping that it might be said:
He is a scholar or, it might be said, he is a reciter. 17 There is
no power nor might except with Allaah!
15 Reported by Aboo Daawood in his Sunan, with a sound chain
of narration (Ibn Baaz).
16 The Messenger of Allaah (W said, "Knowledge is acquired by
studying..." See Shaykh al-Albaanee's Silsilatul Ahaadeeth
as-Saheehah (I /605/342).
17 On the authority of Aboo Hurayrah (radiyallaahu 'anhu), who
said: I heard the Messenger of Allaah (sallallahu alaihi wasallam)
say, "...[Another] will be a man who has acquired knowledge (Ilm)
and has taught it and who used to recite the Qur'aan. He will be
brought (on the Day of Judgement) and Allaah will make known
to him His favours and he will acknowledge them. (The Almighty)
will say: And what did you do about them? He will say: I studied
knowledge and taught it and recited the Qur'aan for your sake.
He will say: You have lied - you did but acquire knowledge that it
might be said [of you]: He is learned. You recited the Qur'aan that
it might be said [of you]: He is a reciter. And so it was said. Then
he will ordered to be dragged along on his face until he is cast
into the Hellfire..."
For the complete hadeeth refer to Saheeh Muslim, at-Tirmidhee
or an-Nasaa'ee.
O slave of Allaah! O student of knowledge! It is upon you to be
sincere in your worship, intending it solely for Allaah. You must
be serious and keen in seeking knowledge with perseverance,
then act upon that which the knowledge necessitates, since
what is required is implementation, and not that you become a
scholar or achieve a high class degree. Indeed the main
purpose of seeking knowledge is that you act accordingly,
guiding people towards good, consequently becoming the
successors to the prophets in calling people to the truth. The
Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) said: "He whom Allaah
intends to show goodness, He gives him the understanding of
the Deen.” 18
This shows the virtues and benefits of knowledge which are
from the signs of goodness, happiness and success, that if
Allaah wants to show goodness to His slave He gives him the
understanding of the Deen so that he can distinguish truth from
falsehood and guidance from deviation in order to recognise his
Lord by His names, attributes and His great rights, so that he
knows the recompense of the friends (awliyaa') of Allaah and
His enemies.
The reward of the friends (awliyaa') of Allaah is
to their Lord, looking at His Face 19 in a place of esteem. The
destination of the enemies of Allaah is in a place of torture,
18 Reported by al-Bukhaaree and Muslim in their Saheehs.
19 The believers will see Allaah in the hereafter, this is the correct
belief, Allaah, the Most High, says in the Qur'aan: "Some faces
that Day will be radiant. Looking at their Lord." Soorah
al-Qiyaamah (75):22-3
Narrated by Qais that Jaabir said, "We were with the Prophet
(sallallahu alaihi wasallam) and he looked at the moon - full moon
- and said, "Certainly you will see your Lord as you see the moon
and you will have no trouble in seeing." Reported by al-Bukhaaree
in his Saheeh.
punishment, humiliation screened from seeing Allaah 20. Thus
we come to know the excellence of knowledge, that it is the
best and most noble thing for anyone who seeks it with the
correct intention because by it he comes to know the best and
greatest obligation which is worshipping Allaah in His Oneness
(Tawheed) with sincere devotion.
This knowledge makes him aware of what Allaah has made
incumbent upon His slaves, which is a great obligation. There is
no happiness nor salvation for a slave of Allaah except through
Him, then through the knowledge of these obligations, holding
fast to them and being upright. The scholars who disseminated
the knowledge are the chosen people and the best of people on
the face of this earth. At the head of them are the prophets and
the messengers. They are the prime example to be followed,
the foundation of da'wah, knowledge and excellence. After
them are the people of knowledge at different levels: the
person who is most knowledgeable with regards to Allaah, His
names, His attributes and most perfect in action and da'wah, is
the closest of people to the prophets with respect to their
status and position in
the leaders of this earth; they are its lights and lamps; they
have been preferred above everyone else, they direct the
people to the way of happiness, they guide them to the means
of salvation, they lead them to that which pleases Allaah, the
Majestic and Sublime, and to His Mercy and keep them far from
that which evokes His Anger and punishment. The scholars are
the heirs of the prophets 21; Imaams of the people after the
20 Allaah, the Most High, says in the Qur'aan: "Nay! Surely they
(evil-doers) will be veiled from seeing their Lord that Day."
Soorah al-Mutaffifeen (83):15
21 Katheer ibn Qays reported: I was sitting in the company of
Aboo Dardaa (radiyallaahu 'anhu) in the mosque of
when a man came, and said: Aboo Dardaa, I have come to you
from the City of
have not come for any need (but to ascertain a hadeeth) for I have
been told that you narrated it from Allaah's Messenger (sallallahu
alaihi wasallam). Aboo Dardaa said I heard Allaah's Messenger
prophets; they guide and direct the people to Allaah and teach
them His Deen; and they have noble manners and praiseworthy
attributes. They are the scholars of the truth; scholars of
guidance and successors to the Prophets; they fear Allaah
much and are constantly checking their actions, and pay great
importance to what He orders and forbids.
These are their great characteristics because they have trod the
path of the prophets, followed their way in calling to Allaah,
upon knowledge, in warning the people from the ways that
cause His Anger, in striving towards the good sayings or actions
that they have knowledge of. After the prophets they are the
example (and model to be imitated) in their great
characteristics, praiseworthy attributes and excellent deeds.
They teach others and act accordingly and guide their students
to the most noble manners and to the correct path.
As previously mentioned knowledge is "Allaah said..." and "The
Messenger (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) said...", which is called
Ilm Sharh; it is the knowledge of the Book of Allaah and the
Sunnah of His Messenger (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) and all
that assists its understanding. It is incumbent upon the people
of knowledge that they adhere to this great principle, call the
people to it and direct the students to it, making sure that the
objective is always "Allaah said..." and "The Messenger
saying: He who treads a path in search of knowledge Allaah will
direct him to tread a path from the paths of
angels would accord welcome to the seekers of knowledge and all
that is found in the heavens and the earth and even the fish in
the depth of the water seek forgiveness for the scholar and the
superiority of the scholar over the worshipper is like that of the
full moon at night over the rest of the stars and verily the
scholars are the heirs of the Prophets who leave behind neither
deenaar nor dirham. They only leave knowledge as their heritage:
so whoever acquires it has acquired a huge fortune. Saheeh:
reported by Ahmad, Aboo Daawood and Ibn Maaiah.
(sallallahu alaihi wasallam) said...", acting accordingly,
directing and guiding the people to it.
Division and disputes are not permissible, nor to invite people
to join one group or another, nor to take the opinion of this
person or the sayings of another. Rather, it is mandatory that
the call is one: the Call to Allaah and His Messenger (sallallahu
alaihi wasallam); to the Book of Allaah and the Sunnah of His
Messenger; not to the madhhab of this person or the da'wah of
the other; nor to this person's group or the opinion of another.
It is incumbent upon Muslims that their way and their goals are
one - and that is adherence to the Book of Allaah and the
Sunnah of His Messenger (sallallahu alaihi wasallam).
As for what yields from the differences amongst the people of
knowledge in the four schools of thought and others 22, then it
22 The four popular schools of thought are attributed to the
following four great scholars:
1. Imaam Aboo Haneefah, Nu'maan bin Thaabit bin Zowtaa
at-Taymee. He was the faqeeh of Iraaq, born in the year 80H.
Yazeed said: " I have not seen anyone more fearful of Allaah and
more intelligent than Aboo Haneefah." He died in the year 150H.
2. Imaam Maalik bin Anas, Aboo 'Abdullaah. He was born in the
year 93H. He was the Imaam of Madeenah. He said: " I did not
start to pronounce legal judgements (fatwa) until seventy
[scholars] said that I was suitable for that." He died in the year
179H.
3. Imaam Ash-Shaafi'ee, Muhammad ibn ldrees. He was born in
the year 150H. One of his wise sayings is: "If a hadeeth is found
to be authentic, then throw my saying against the wall." He died
in the year 204H.
4. Imaam Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Hanbal. He was born in the
year 164H. He is known as the Imaam of
Ahlus-Sunnah-wal-jamaa'ah. Aboo Zur'ah says that he
is compulsory that you take from them that which is closest to
the truth. That is the saying which is closest to what Allaah has
said in the Qur'aan and His Messenger (sallallahu alaihi
wasallam) in the hadeeth, or to that which the principles of the
Sharee'ah necessitate. This is the way of the scholars, as it was
the way of the Companions - who are the scholars after the
Messenger (sallallahu alaihi wasallam). They were the most
knowledgeable of people with regards to Allaah, and they were
the best of people and most perfect in knowledge and manners.
They also differed in some issues, but still their call was one
and their way was one, calling to the Book of Allaah and the
Sunnah of the Messenger (~' ;). Likewise, those who came
after them, like the taabieen and the tabaa-taabieen such as
Imaam Maalik, Aboo Haneefah, Ash-Shaafi'ee, Ahmad and
other scholars of guidance such as al-Awzaa'ee 23, ath-Thawree
24, Ibn 'Uyainah 25, Ishaaq ibn Raahawaih 26 and their
memorised a million hadeeth. He died in the year 241 H.
(Tadhkiratul-Huffaadh of Imaam adh-Dhahabee)
23 Imaam Awzaa'ee, Aboo 'Amr 'Abdur-Rahmaan ad-Dimashqee
the Imaam of Shaam. He was born in the year 88H. Aboo Mushie
said about him: "al-Awzaa'ee used to spend the night awake in
prayer, reciting the Qur'aan, and weeping."
(Tadhkiratul-Huffaadh of lmaam Adh-Dhahabee)
24 Imaam ath-Thawree, Sufyaan ibn Sa'eed ibn Masrooq. He was
born in the year 97H. Yahyaa ibn Yamaan says: I heard Sufyaan
say: "The scholar is the doctor of the Deen and the dirham is its
sickness, so if the doctor infects himself with the sickness when
will he cure others?!" He died in the year 161 H.
(Tadhkiratul-Huffaadh of lmaam Adh-Dhahabee)
25 Imaam Sufyaan ibn'Uyainah ibn Maymoon, Aboo Muhammad
al-Hilaalee - the Muhaddith of Makkah. He was born in the year
107H. Ibn 'Uyainah said: "If knowledge does not benefit you it will
harm you." He died in the year 198H.
(Tadhkiratul-Huffaadh of Imaam Adh-Dhahabee)
26 Imaam Ishaaq ibn lbraaheem ibn Raahawaih Aboo Ya'qoob -
Imaam of Neesaapoor and the east. He was born in the year 161
H. Imaam Ahmad said about him: " I do not know anyone equal
to Ishaaq in lraaq." He died in the year 238H.
equivalent from the people of Knowledge and Eemaan. Their
da'wah was one: calling to the Book of Allaah and the Sunnah
of His Messenger (sallallahu alaihi wasallam), they forbade their
students from taqleed 27 saying: "Take from where we took,"
meaning the Qur'aan and the Sunnah.
Whoever is ignorant of the truth, then it is compulsory upon
him to ask the people of knowledge who are recognised with
knowledge 28, merit, correct aqeedah, and biography of the
Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam). He should respect the
scholars, acknowledge their superiority and supplicate for them
in abundance for success and great reward. They have
preceded him in great blessing. They taught, guided and
clarified the way. The Companions of the Prophet (sallallahu
alaihi wasallam) and those who followed them from the people
of correct knowledge and belief have the favour of knowledge
and da'wah.
[Tadhkiratul-Huffaadh of lmaam Adh-Dhahabee)
27 Taqleed: Blind-Following. Ibn Qayyim al jawziyyah
(rahimahullaah) says in his NoonWah: "Knowledge is the
realisation of the guidance with its proofs - that and
blind-following are not equal."
Imaam Ibn al-Jawzee (rahimahullaah) says in Talbees /blees:
"Know that verily the blind follower does not have any trust in
what he follows. Taqleed suspends the use of the intellect,
whereas the intellect is created for thinking and reasoning. It is
stupidity when a man is given light to show him the way, he
extinguishes it and walks in darkness."
For a detailed discussion refer to: Blind Following of Madhhabs
by Shaykh al-Ma'soomee, (AIHidaayah, 1993) and A Glimpse at
the Way ofthe Companions by Shaykh'Abdul-Qaadir al-Arna'oot
(AI-Hidaayah, 1994)
28 Allaah, the Most High, says in the Qur'aan: "...So ask the
people of knowledge if you do not know." Soorah an-Nahl
(16):43
He should realise their status and merit and overlook their
mistakes, taking them as an example in seeking knowledge and
in calling to Allaah, giving precedence and priority to the
sayings of Allaah and His Messenger (sallallahu alaihi wasallam)
in spite of others, being patient upon it, and running towards
righteous actions. He follows them in all these aspects and
overlooks their mistakes. However clinging stubbornly and
fanatically to one of them is not permissible. Nor to say: "His
saying is absolutely correct," rather one should say, "Everyone
at times errs and at times is correct." What is correct is that
which is in consonance with the sayings of Allaah and His
Messenger (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) and consensus of the
people of knowledge. If the scholars differ then it is compulsory
to return to Allaah and His Messenger (sallallahu alaihi
wasallam).
"...if you differ in anything amongst yourselves, refer it
to Allaah and the Messenger.” 29
"And in whatsoever you differ, the decision thereof is
with Allaah…” 30
This is what the scholars have said in the past and the present.
It is not permissible to cling fanatically to the opinion of Zaid or
'Amr 31, likewise it is forbidden to stubbornly attach yourself to
one group or party - these are all from the recent mistakes
which many people have fallen into.
It is essential that the goal of the Muslims is one and that is to
follow the Book of Allaah and the Sunnah of His Messenger
(sallallahu alaihi wasallam) in all instances: in hardship and in
29 Soorah an-Nisaa' (4):59
30 Soorah ash-Shoora (42):10
31 Zaid and 'Amr are arbitrary names used here to mean 'This
person or the other.' Zaid and 'Amr are arbitrary names used here
to mean 'This person or the other.'
comfort, in difficulty and in ease, when travelling and when
resident - in every condition. When the people of knowledge
differ, then one should look at their saying and support that
which is in agreement with the evidence without prejudice
against anyone.
As for the common folk, then they should ask the people of
knowledge and take from them freely whoever is closest to the
truth and upright. They should ask them (the people of
knowledge) about Allaah's Deen, then he (the scholar) should
teach them and guide them to the truth according to the
Qur'aan, the Sunnah and the consensus of the scholars.
A scholar is recognised by his perseverance, his taqwaa 32 and
his fear of Allaah, striving to what Allaah has made obligatory
and keeping well away from what Allaah and His Messenger
(sallallahu alaihi wasallam) have forbidden.
These are the characteristics of a scholar, whether he is a
teacher, a judge, a da'eeyah, or holds any other occupation. He
is obliged to be an example and a model in righteousness; he
acts upon his knowledge; has taqwaa of Allaah wherever he
may be; and he guides the people to good. He is a good
example for his students, members of his family, neighbours
and others who know him. They take him, his sayings and his
actions, which are in accordance with the Deen of Allaah, as an
example.
The student of knowledge should take great care about being
lazy about what Allaah has made obligatory and from falling
into that which He has forbidden - for others will follow him in
32 Ibn Abee Shaibah reports in his Kitaobul-Eemaan (no. 99) that
the taabi'ee Talq ibn Habeeb was asked to define taqwaa, so he
said: "Taqwaa is acting is acting in obedience to Allaah, hoping for
his Mercy, upon light from Him, and taqwaa is leaving acts of
disobedience to Allaah, out of fear of Him, upon light from Him."
Declared soheeh from him by al-Albaanee.
it. Likewise he should not be neglectful of the sunnah and the
makroohaat. 33 If he becomes lazy others will also become lazy.
It is important that he takes care in reviving the Sunnah, even
though a particular act may not be compulsory, in order to
encourage the people to follow it, and to be an example for
them. He (the student of knowledge) must keep away from the
makroohaat and doubtful matters 34 so that the people do not
imitate him.
The student of knowledge has great significance and the people
of knowledge are the select amongst the creation. Upon them
are obligations and responsibilities over and above everyone
else. The Messenger (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) said,
"Everyone is a shepherd, and is responsible for his
flock." 35
33 Here Shaykh lbn Baaz uses the word sunnah to mean the
recommended deeds; one who does such an action is rewarded,
but one who leaves it is not punished. The makroohaot (sing.
makrooh) are those actions which are disliked; one is rewarded
for leaving such an action but is not punished for carrying it out.
34 On the authority of Aboo 'Abdullaah an-Nu'maan the son of
Basheer (radiyallaahu 'anhumaa), who said: I heard the
Messenger of Allaah ssay: "That which is lawful is clear and that
which is unlawful is clear and between the two of them are
doubtful matters about which not many people know. Thus, he
who avoids doubtful matters clears himself in regard to his
Religion and his honour, but he who falls into doubtful matters
falls into that which is unlawful, like the shepherd who pastures
around a sanctuary, all but grazing therein. Truly every king has
a sanctuary, and truly Allaah's sanctuary is His prohibitions.
Truly in the body there is a morsel of flesh which, if it be sound,
all the body is sound and which, if it be diseased, all of it is
diseased. Truly it is the heart." Reported by Imaam al-Bukhaaree
and lmaam Muslim in their Saheehs.
35 The full text of the hadeeth of is as follows:
'Abdullaah ibn 'Umar (radiyallaahu anhumaa) narrates that the
Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) said: "Everyone is a
shepherd and is responsible for his flock. The ruler is a
The people of knowledge are shepherds and guides. They
should be concerned about society as it is their flock; so it is
upon them to carry out this responsibility, whilst fearing Allaah.
They guide them to the ways of salvation and prevent them
from the ways of destruction; implant between them love for
Allaah and His Messenger ('~'_;), being firmly established upon
His Deen, yearning for Allaah's
cautious of the Fire, for it is an evil abode. Warning yourself
and others about the Fire of Hell is compulsory. This obligation,
first and foremost, falls upon .the scholars and the students of
knowledge.
They (the scholars and the students of knowledge) strive to
please Allaah, refrain from disobeying Him, and call upon Him.
They do not exceed the boundaries, but take the middle way.
They abstain from those things, which Allaah has forbidden and
dislikes, so that the Muslims can take from their example and
can be influenced by them wherever they are. Such being their
state and manner always.
I ask Allaah, the Mighty and Majestic, by His perfect names and
attributes to make you and I consistent to that which pleases
Him, to purify our hearts and actions, to make us rightly
guided, righteous and from among the reformers. I ask Him to
make His Deen victorious, and to make His Word supreme. I
ask Him to make the leaders of the Muslims do actions that will
please Him. I ask that He make the leaders be good towards
the slaves of Allaah and towards the countries over which they
have been granted authority. I ask Him to correct their
shepherd and is responsible for his subjects; a man is a
shepherd for the members of his household; and the woman
is a guardian; and is responsible for her husband's house and
his offspring. The slave of a man is a guardian of his master's
property and he is responsible for it. Surely each of you is a
shepherd and is responsible for his flock." Reported by Imaam
al-Bukhaaree in his Saheeh.
advisers, to bless and favour them to rule by Allaah's Law
amongst the people, discarding anything which contradicts it.
As for the other sciences, they have their own significance and
importance, like mining, agriculture, farming and other
beneficial industries. Some may be important to learn
depending upon the requirements of the Muslims, making it
Ford Kifaayah (a collective obligation). The leader of the
Muslims should order and help the Muslims to learn what they
are in need of for their welfare, and to prepare them against
their enemies (kuffaar). The actions of the servant of Allaah will
be regarded as worship whenever his intention is correct with
sincerity to Him. If he does an action without an intention, then
it is from the mubaahaat 36. I mean the different kinds of
permissible industries, i.e. mining, agriculture, farming and
others.
All of these things are required, along with correct intentions,
which makes it worship; leaving the intention makes it mubaah.
Sometimes it may be regarded as Fard al-Kifaayah if necessity
dictates. It is compulsory on the leader of the Muslims to
appoint the necessary people to learn this knowledge; its
importance depends upon the situation, which differs according
to the intention and the necessity.
As far as knowledge of the Sharee'ah is concerned, it is
incumbent, since Allaah has created jinn and men so that they
may worship and fear Him 37, and this is not permissible except
through Islamic knowledge, knowledge of the Book and the
Sunnah, as previously mentioned. It is a duty of the student of
knowledge to understand and study the Deen, to learn and
36 Mubaahaat (sing Mubaah): permissible actions, i.e. actions for
which neither reward nor punishment is to be expected, but
which are permissible.
37 Allaah, the Most High, says in the Qur'aan: "I have not
created jinn and mankind except to worship me." Soorah
adh-Dhaariyaat (51):56
reflect upon what Allaah's has prescribed, to know the
authentic Salafee 38 'aqeedah which the Prophet (sallallahu
alaihi wasallam) was upon, his Companions and their followers
in righteousness - which is belief in Allaah, His Messengers, His
names and His attributes, believing in them in a. manner which
is fitting to Allaah without distortion (tahreef), denial (ta'teel)
qualification (Takyeef), or likening (tamtheel - without increase
or decrease.
This was the approach and the way of the people of knowledge,
as it was the approach of the Messengers, their Companions
and their successors in righteousness.
We ask Allaah to give the students of knowledge success; we
ask Him to help and guide them to everything that He is
pleased with; and we ask Him to make them a means to guide
His slaves and make their condition better. Indeed He is the
Majestic, the Most High who has Power over all things. May the
prayers and peace be upon our Prophet and Messenger
Muhammad ibn 'Abdullaah, upon his family, his Companions
and those who followed them in righteousness.
38 The Salafee 'Aqeedah refers to the creed that was preached by
the Messenger of Allaah as understood by the Companions, the
taabi'een and their students; in accordance with the hadeeth of
the Messenger (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) "The best generation is
my generation, then those who follow them, then those who follow
them."
For an excellent exposition of this Creed, refer to Explanation
ofthe Creed by Imaam al-Barbahaaree (d.329H), (AI-Haneef
Publications, 1995).
Appendix
The Excellence of the Scholars 39
Allaah, the Mighty and Majestic, says in the Noble Qur'aan:
"Allaah bears witness that none has the right to be worshipped
but He, and the angels, and those having
knowledge (Oolul-11m) (also bear witness to this; (He is
always) maintaining His creation in justice. None has the
right to be worshipped but He, the All-Mighty, the
All-Wise." Soorah Aal- Imraan (3): 18
This verse shows the superiority of knowledge ('ilm) and its
people; the following points can be inferred from this verse:
1 . Allaah chose the people of knowledge (Oolul 'ilm) to bear
witness to His Oneness (Tawheed) over and above the rest of
His creation.
2. Allaah honoured the people of knowledge by mentioning
their testimony along with His testimony.
3. He raised high the status of the scholars by associating their
testimony with the testimony of the angels.
4. This verse bears witness to the superiority of those who
possess knowledge. Allaah does not make any of His creation
bear witness except the upright amongst them.
Their is a well known narration from the Prophet (sallallahu
alaihi wasallam), who said: "The upright in every
generation will carry this knowledge, rejecting the
distortions of the extremists, the false claims of the liars,
and the (false) interpretations of the ignorant." (Declared
hasan by Shaykh Saleem al-Hilaalee)
39 Adapted from Miftaahi Daaris Sa'aadah of Imaam Ibn Qayyim
al-Jawziyyah, rahimahullaah (d.751 H).
5. Allaah, the One free from all defects, Himself bears witness
to His Oneness, and He is the greatest of witnesses. Then He
chose from His creation the angels and the scholars - this is
sufficient to show their excellence.
6. Allaah made the scholars bear witness with the greatest and
the most excellent testimony and that is, "None has the right to
be worshipped but Allaah." Allaah, the One free of all defects
and the Most High, does not bear witness except to matters of
great importance and only the greatest from Allaah's creation
bear witness to this.
7. Allaah made the testimony of the people of knowledge a
proof against the rejecters. Thus they are its proofs and its
signs, indicating His Oneness (Tawheed).
8. Allaah, the Most High, used a single verb to refer to His
testimony and the testimony of the angels and the scholars. He
did not use an additional verb for their testimony; thus he
connected their testimony to His. This shows the strong link
between their testimony and Allaah's testimony, as if He
himself bore witness to His Oneness upon their tongues and
made them utter this testimony.
9. Allaah, the One free from all defects, made the scholars fulfil
His right (that none has the right to be worshipped but Him)
through this testimony and if they fulfil it then they have
fulfilled and established this right of Allaah upon them. Then it
is obligatory upon mankind to accept this testimony which is
the means to reach happiness in this life and in their final
return (to Allaah). Whosoever takes this guidance from the
scholars and excepts this truth because of their testimony, then
for the scholars there is a reward equal to them. And none
knows the value of this reward but Allaah.
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